人民背叛国家会遭受惩罚，但要是国家背叛了人民呢？
General will
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Author Archives: elfsong
Leviathan II
In the natural state, some people may be stronger or wiser than others, but no one is strong enough or wise enough not to fear death by violence. Since everyone instinctively needs more, and in fact everything is insufficient, people need to fight for more, all against all.
However, fighting in a natural state is not the optimal solution. Driven by self-interest at its most essential, people will want to end fights – “the zeal that tends toward peace is the fear of death, the desire for the things necessary for a comfortable life and the diligent hope of acquiring them”. When death is becoming a threat, people will do everything possible to protect themselves, so this is the highest necessity to avoid death and become the source of power. People cede their degrees of freedom to authority in order to protect their own survival and rights. However, everyone has different demands for individual rights. How to coordinate the relationship between people and authority?
Rousseau proposed the theory of “general will” to resolve the relationship between people and authority. The development of society makes it necessary for society to develop a common force that protects the individual’s personal and property. Rousseau believes that people’s rights such as freedom and equality belong to individuals, but the law that collects the will of all people belongs to the national level. On the premise of excluding the rich or powerful groups from curbing the expression of personal will, individuals form a general will by fully expressing their will, and then rise to “law” through a “judge” with divine status, so as to promote the formation of a reasonable and legitimate state power source.
But even so, the “general will” is still insufficient to represent the will of all citizens. So authority compartmentalize people and confer different identities to different people. These identities are apparently not equal, although some authorities do not admit this. It is through the distinction between the hierarchy that the authority achieves solid rule.
By means of the Jewish national cleansing, the will of the head of state was almost fulfilled. Some Eastern countries also fought protracted wars in which people were divided into the capitalist and the proletariat. In the subsequent massacre in Rwanda, Hutu and Husi slaughtered each other, eventually leading to genocide.
It is human nature to seek sanctuary and social belonging. By joining a collective, one can gain power, a sense of security, and overcome the powerlessness in the face of an increasingly highly organized society. These identities become their psychological refuge. To gain group acceptance through some kind of identity loyalty.
As a Chinese, the easiest challenge to “general will” is patriotism. Everything seems to end up being classified as “patriotic” or “unpatriotic.” From whether you can go out during the epidemic isolation, to whether you buy a Huawei phone.
Naturally, these “general wills” are not groundless but carefully deliberated by some people who have an axe to grind. Given the multiple identities of each of us, how should identity loyalty be prioritized? Do we have the right to decide our own identities? Can we fuck the bewitching and demagoguery of those careerists off?
Mr. Tagore’s words may serve as an answer to this question: “Patriotism cannot be our last spiritual refuge; The last refuge is human nature. I will not buy glass at the price of diamonds, and I will never allow patriotism to triumph over humanity as long as I live.”
NLP Road Map
Caution!
- The relationship among keywords could be interpreted in ambiguous ways since they are represented in the format of a semantic mind-map. Please just focus on KEYWORD in square box, and deem them as the essential parts to learn.
- The work of containing a plethora of keywords and knowledge within just an image has been challenging. Thus, please note that this roadmap is one of the suggestions or ideas.
- You are eligible for using the material of your own free will including commercial purpose but highly expected to leave a reference (https://github.com/graykode/nlp-roadmap).
Gradient, Divergence, Curl, Laplacian, Jacobian and Hessian
I found a really good explanation about those conceptions on Zhihu. Here is the original post:
I found something interesting!
想不到我之前这么中二…
歇斯底里
今天读论文的时候看到了一个词：Hysteria
不认识，于是随手查了一下，发现字典给出的释义非常简单，就四个字：歇斯底里。
以前一直以为歇斯底里是一个成语，没想到原来是一个舶来词。
Subway
Rabin–Karp algorithm
I know it have been a long while that I do not update my website. Even missed the entire May…
Actually, I am confused about my future path during these two months. I got a bunch of offers from different places. However, I don’t even know where should I go ultimately.
So I just try to learn some new stuff as I can to kill the time…
Rabin-Karp is a kind of string searching algorithm which created by Richard M. Karp and Michael O. Rabin. It uses the rolling hash to find an exact match of pattern in a given text. Of course, it is also able to match for multiple patterns.
def search(pattern, text, mod):
# Let d be the number of characters in the input set
d = len(set(list(text)))
# Length of pattern
l_p = len(pattern)
# Length of text
l_t = len(text)
p = 0
t = 0
h = 1
# Let us calculate the hash value of the pattern
# hash value for pattern(p) = Σ(v * dm-1) mod 13
# = ((3 * 102) + (4 * 101) + (4 * 100)) mod 13
# = 344 mod 13
# = 6
for i in range(l_p - 1):
h = (h * d) % mod
# Calculate hash value for pattern and text
for i in range(l_p):
p = (d * p + ord(pattern[i])) % mod
t = (d * t + ord(text[i])) % mod
# Find the match
for i in range(l_t - l_p + 1):
if p == t:
for j in range(l_p):
if text[i+j] != pattern[j]:
break
j += 1
if j == l_p:
print("Pattern is found at position: " + str(i+1))
if i < l_t - l_p:
t = (d*(t-ord(text[i])*h) + ord(text[i+l_p])) % mod
if t < 0:
t += mod
text = "ABCCCDCCDDAEFG"
pattern = "CDD"
search(pattern, text, 13)
Generate Parentheses
Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.
class Solution:
def generateParenthesis(self, n: int) -> List[str]:
ret = []
# @functools.lru_cache(None)
def dfs(curr, l, r):
if l == n and r == n:
ret.append(curr)
if r > l: return
if l < n: dfs(curr + "(", l + 1, r)
if r < n: dfs(curr + ")", l, r + 1)
dfs('', 0, 0)
return ret
Something interesting
不管哪个领域，都可以在上升期做科研，在平稳期做业务，在饱和期做教育，显然Andrew Ng是个明白人。
No matter what field you are in, you can do research in the growing period, dedicate into the industry in the steady period, and develop education in the saturation period. Obviously, Andrew Ng is a sensible person.