Redis 对 epoll 的封装其实也是类似的，使用 epoll_create 创建 epoll 中使用的 epfd：

static int aeApiCreate(aeEventLoop *eventLoop) {
    aeApiState *state = zmalloc(sizeof(aeApiState));

    if (!state) return -1;
    state->events = zmalloc(sizeof(struct epoll_event)*eventLoop->setsize);
    if (!state->events) {
        zfree(state);
        return -1;
    }
    state->epfd = epoll_create(1024); /* 1024 is just a hint for the kernel */
    if (state->epfd == -1) {
        zfree(state->events);
        zfree(state);
        return -1;
    }
    eventLoop->apidata = state;
    return 0;
}

在 aeApiAddEvent 中使用 epoll_ctl 向 epfd 中添加需要监控的 FD 以及监听的事件：

static int aeApiAddEvent(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int fd, int mask) {
    aeApiState *state = eventLoop->apidata;
    struct epoll_event ee = {0}; /* avoid valgrind warning */
    /* If the fd was already monitored for some event, we need a MOD
     * operation. Otherwise we need an ADD operation. */
    int op = eventLoop->events[fd].mask == AE_NONE ?
            EPOLL_CTL_ADD : EPOLL_CTL_MOD;

    ee.events = 0;
    mask |= eventLoop->events[fd].mask; /* Merge old events */
    if (mask & AE_READABLE) ee.events |= EPOLLIN;
    if (mask & AE_WRITABLE) ee.events |= EPOLLOUT;
    ee.data.fd = fd;
    if (epoll_ctl(state->epfd,op,fd,&ee) == -1) return -1;
    return 0;
}

由于 epoll 相比 select 机制略有不同，在 epoll_wait 函数返回时并不需要遍历所有的 FD 查看读写情况；在 epoll_wait 函数返回时会提供一个 epoll_event 数组：

typedef union epoll_data {
    void    *ptr;
    int      fd; /* 文件描述符 */
    uint32_t u32;
    uint64_t u64;
} epoll_data_t;

struct epoll_event {
    uint32_t     events; /* Epoll 事件 */
    epoll_data_t data;
};

aeApiPoll 函数只需要将 epoll_event 数组中存储的信息加 入  eventLoop  的  fired 数组中，将信息传递给上层模块：

static int aeApiPoll(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, struct timeval *tvp) {
    aeApiState *state = eventLoop->apidata;
    int retval, numevents = 0;

    retval = epoll_wait(state->epfd,state->events,eventLoop->setsize,
            tvp ? (tvp->tv_sec*1000 + tvp->tv_usec/1000) : -1);
    if (retval > 0) {
        int j;

        numevents = retval;
        for (j = 0; j < numevents; j++) {
            int mask = 0;
            struct epoll_event *e = state->events+j;

            if (e->events & EPOLLIN) mask |= AE_READABLE;
            if (e->events & EPOLLOUT) mask |= AE_WRITABLE;
            if (e->events & EPOLLERR) mask |= AE_WRITABLE;
            if (e->events & EPOLLHUP) mask |= AE_WRITABLE;
            eventLoop->fired[j].fd = e->data.fd;
            eventLoop->fired[j].mask = mask;
        }
    }
    return numevents;
}

int fd = /* file descriptor */

fd_set rfds;
FD_ZERO(&rfds);
FD_SET(fd, &rfds)

for ( ; ; ) {
    select(fd+1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (FD_ISSET(fd, &rfds)) {
        /* file descriptor `fd` becomes readable */
    }
}

1. 初始化一个可读的 fd_set 集合，保存需要监控可读性的 FD；
2. 使用 FD_SET 将 fd 加入 rfds；
3. 调用 select 方法监控 rfds 中的 FD 是否可读；
4. 当 select 返回时，检查 FD 的状态并完成对应的操作。

在 Redis 的 ae_select 文件中代码的组织顺序也是差不多的，首先在 aeApiCreate 函数中初始化 rfds 和 wfds：

static int aeApiCreate(aeEventLoop *eventLoop) {
    aeApiState *state = zmalloc(sizeof(aeApiState));
    if (!state) return -1;
    FD_ZERO(&state->rfds);
    FD_ZERO(&state->wfds);
    eventLoop->apidata = state;
    return 0;
}

aeApiAddEvent 和 aeApiDelEvent 会通过 FD_SET 和 FD_CLR 修改 fd_set 中对应 FD 的标志位：

static int aeApiAddEvent(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int fd, int mask) {
    aeApiState *state = eventLoop->apidata;
    if (mask & AE_READABLE) FD_SET(fd,&state->rfds);
    if (mask & AE_WRITABLE) FD_SET(fd,&state->wfds);
    return 0;
}

整个 ae_select 子模块中最重要的函数就是 aeApiPoll，它是实际调用 select 函数的部分，其作用就是在 I/O 多路复用函数返回时，将对应的 FD 加入  aeEventLoop 的  fired 数组中，并返回事件的个数：

static int aeApiPoll(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, struct timeval *tvp) {
    aeApiState *state = eventLoop->apidata;
    int retval, j, numevents = 0;

    memcpy(&state->_rfds,&state->rfds,sizeof(fd_set));
    memcpy(&state->_wfds,&state->wfds,sizeof(fd_set));

    retval = select(eventLoop->maxfd+1,
                &state->_rfds,&state->_wfds,NULL,tvp);
    if (retval > 0) {
        for (j = 0; j <= eventLoop->maxfd; j++) {
            int mask = 0;
            aeFileEvent *fe = &eventLoop->events[j];

            if (fe->mask == AE_NONE) continue;
            if (fe->mask & AE_READABLE && FD_ISSET(j,&state->_rfds))
                mask |= AE_READABLE;
            if (fe->mask & AE_WRITABLE && FD_ISSET(j,&state->_wfds))
                mask |= AE_WRITABLE;
            eventLoop->fired[numevents].fd = j;
            eventLoop->fired[numevents].mask = mask;
            numevents++;
        }
    }
    return numevents;
}